What is closeness? Example: my father

“Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by persistent deficits (…) in social reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and skills in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships” (DSM-5, 2013, p.31).  The clinician who diagnosed my daughter with ASD read the excerpt aloud. Becky was nine. I immediately wanted to know what this means for us long term. Will she ever get married and have a family of her own? Will she and I ever be close? I looked forward to the former as I envisioned my golden years, but the latter–closeness–seemed less distant though more abstract. To me, closeness is the ultimate prize of all the hard work that goes into cultivating a relationship; it is the flower that finally blooms, the berry that finally ripens. I yearned to experience it with Becky since I first learned I am pregnant with her.

My father is a kitchen philosopher and psychologist. I say kitchen because our small kitchen in a typical Russian high-rise flat is where we have our best talks. He is a thinker, like me. As a child, I would spot him blowing his papirosa smoke into the open window or out on the balcony if the weather was warm, and sneak up closer. He would turn his back toward me, warning: “I do not want to breathe on you,” and I would always say “It’s OK, I don’t mind.” Then we would keep silent for a moment or two. Somehow, a discourse would start and continue beyond his third or fourth cigarette.

When I was younger, he told me about his childhood in the post-war Far-Eastern USSR, his siblings, his parents, and his nearly fatal burst appendicitis… I easily pictured him as a kid, especially after he took me to his home village and showed me around. I loved that these stories made him so effortlessly vulnerable, sensitive, human.

As I became older, we frequently engaged in debates. Strangely, I do not remember exactly what we debated–there were so many topics! Let’s see… once, we discussed whether “white lies” are moral; another time, I remember  defining “maternal devotion.” On occasion, these debates became very heated, and I liked it so because they gave my pubescent mood swings and frustrations a healthy outlet. There were also exercises in logic which both of us apparently held in high regard. When I was in high school, we added God and afterlife to our discursive repertoire. It was huge for us, former Soviets…

I craved these moments with my father. They were special because no one else engaged in such deep, frank conversations with me during my first twenty years on Earth, not even Mom. Ever. They were authentic, spontaneous, unstructured. They made me feel close to my dad, although I cannot say how he felt about them. The memories of our talks are the fabric of my many important schemata such as “father,” “Russian man,” “childhood,” “cognitive development,” “relationship,” and others. They kept me grounded and carried me through our many conflicts. They modeled the expectations of my own relationship with my children. The big question is, is it possible to be this close with Becky?

Bibliography

Delhaye, M. M., Kempenaers, C., Burton, J., Linkowski, P., Stroobants, R., & Goossens, L. (2012). Attachment, Parenting, and Separation–Individuation in Adolescence: A Comparison of Hospitalized Adolescents, Institutionalized Delinquents, and Controls. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 173(2), 119-141.

Examines how teens were attached to their parents:
(a) autonomous (or secure) with regard to attachment experiences, which implies coherent accounts of earlier experiences that value attachment;
(b) preoccupied by past attachment experiences, which implies anxious or angry responses in the interview; (c) dismissing of attachment-related experiences, which implies that such experiences are considered unimportant; and (d) unresolved (or disorganized) with regard to past attachment experiences, which implies lapses in reasoning when discussing loss or trauma.
Separation–individuation: (p. 121)
“a normative process that allows young people to establish a new type of equilibrium in their relationships with their parents. When going through this process, adolescents have to relinquish their internalized and idealized representations of their parents (i.e., the separation aspect) to develop a more mature sense of self Internalizing problems (e.g., depression) and externalizing problems (e.g., delinquency) are associated with particular types of parent-related perceptions in adolescence” (Collins & Laursen, 2004).

Collins, W. A., & Laursen, B. (2004). Parent-adolescent relationships and influences. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (2nd ed., pp. 331–361). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Lafreniere, K. A. (2018). Mothers and daughters: Narratives of sustained connection during adolescence. Dissertation Abstracts International78,

Interpersonal Closeness

Yanping, T., Shaw, A., & Fishbach, A. (2016). The friendly taking effect: How interpersonal closeness leads to seemingly selfish yet jointly maximizing choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 42(5), 669-687. doi:10.1093/jcr/ucv052

Interdependence Theory

Leslie-Case, K. P. (1999, January). The parent-child relationship: An interdependence approach. (mutuality, control, childhood, memories). Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 2986.

Finkel, E.J., Simpson, J.A. (2015). Editorial overview: Relationship science. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1. 5-9