Epistemology as clothes

In the beginning of postqual, I realized that my epistemologies change as I progress through the day and perform the numerous roles as a mother, a wife, a neighbor, a friend, a student, a daughter, and so forth. I have been “sitting” on this discovery for over a month and made it my own. I asserted this belief since then several times and even came up with a narrative: “If I were not a postpositivist in the kitchen, my family would go hungry. If I was not an interpretivist with my husband, I would be divorced. With my kids, I am a constructivist. I have to be!” and so forth… Today, while driving home, I thought that I should call myself on these assumptions so I thought of a study:

Method: progress through the day and take note of what type of knowledge I typically encounter and what epistemological beliefs help me process the information, and in what way. I will create a map, then try to create an outfit, a costume (or at the very least, a hat, or an accessory depending on how strong the belief is) to represent (constructivism? already?) each belief.

If clothes help construct our identities and are the material part in our performativity, then why not tap into the potential or wardrobe research?

Mentoring PostQual

“A clever, beautiful quote will go here. Some day.”

Unlike some authors of postqualitative genre, I am privileged–I am a doctoral student taking an inaugural course in Post Qualitative Inquiry. I have a proper instructor and a syllabus to nurture my inner post-structuralist, peers to validate Vygotsky and Piaget, a body of literature to roam, and three credit hours to justify reading and experimentation. I know Jenni had no such opportunity, and neither did (…).

Yet, perhaps, my greatest fortune is that I am getting acculturated into postqual before the two fontanelles of quantitative and qualitative thinking in my want-to-be-a-research-methodologist head had fused together to form a hard, thick, boney casing around my thoughts. Presently, I have nothing to lose as I have no idea when, where, or even whether I will hold an academic position, or even publish. Therefore, this piece, written from a student-stepping-into-postqual perspective, is a mixture of risk-free wonder, care-free play, and of defiant confusion. I offer you a glimpse into my train of thought as I pondered my options for the final project. It took place somewhere in the middle of the semester.

It began with a discussion of the final project on our second day of class. The tentative topic is Mentoring in PostQual. Lost in thought, I probably missed something. Why mentoring? We exchanged some ideas; a couple of students offered examples of mentoring relationships in their lives, and it was wonderful because I got a feel for what kind of people these new classmates of mine are, but the topic… the topic is meh. I am not excited about it. No, really, why mentoring? Clearly, Jenni is the mentor in the spotlight here, but why a mentor and not a teacher? This is a rhetorical question–I believe I know what she will answer; she likes to point out that she is not there to deposit knowledge into her students’ heads. …is this what she believes teaching is–depositing? Wait… this is my rendition of what Jenni thinks of teaching. How does Jenni define “teaching”…  Actually, she does not teach, she facilitates. Never mind, teaching is irrelevant because the topic is mentoring. Is she a mentor?  Why not a Sherpa, or a coach, or even a doula? I am resisting the impulse to explore the meaning of the word “mentor,” to operationally define “mentoring.” Much to my excitement, I realize that by refusing to go there, I skip over a pile of imaginary manure even as I preemptively reach for the shovel of Derrida’s linguistic differance and Spivak’s discourse on hierarchies. Oh, the cleverness of me! Is this the evidence of me becoming?

I set out into poststructuralism a year ago, while in my Qualitative II class, and since then, I have clearly grown. I walk around this pile of manure, look at it one last time, wondering what my definitions of “mentor” or “mentoring” might sound like if I give it more thought; but as soon as an answer threatens to form,  I run away with my nose pinched and enlightened: “an inquiry into mentoring in PostQual should not be about “What is mentoring;” otherwise, what am I doing in PostQual?!”

I remember the playful exchange we had during an earlier class–“How is […]? Where is […]?” The intentional disruption and absurdity of these questions made me laugh, and so I play along: if it is not “what is mentoring?” then it must be “where is mentoring?” or “how is mentoring?” because “why is mentoring” in the context of the classroom and instruction reeks of politics and of more manure. In fact, I would not even know what theorist to use to dig myself out of this one. Manning, perhaps?

I should press on just to see if I can turn the topic blahs into an opportunity for a methodological challenge.

A student of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation, I dutifully take the inventory of my newest shiny set of PostQualitative tools: thinking with theory, writing in minor, tuning into minor shifts, thinking with concepts…  Thinking with a concept is my natural mode of existence. I recently became aware that I think in images and that these images create a movie as thoughts die off, develop, interact with memories, recalls, conversations with others, and so forth. Sometimes, the movie is blurry, in the background of my conversations; other times, the movie becomes vivid and sharp, positioned front and center. Concepts are visuals. I visualize concepts. It turns out, I cannot think WITHOUT concepts.

A year ago, in Qual 2, I read Jackson & Mazzei’s “Thinking with Theory” and in the first week, I experimented with the idea of “plugging in” thoughts into concepts. I dusted off my husband’s beautiful set of Prismacolor pencils and sketched to make sense of the process. I loved it. The activity opened my eyes to the world of “plugs” and reminded me of mushroom-picking. First, you do not see anything, you only know where to look for them: different mushrooms like different trees. Then suddenly, you see one, hidden under a leaf; then another, and another, then more, and more. You do not choose your path–the mushrooms lead you–and you can certainly get lost in the woods. The activity is exhilarating and somewhat torturous–it does not end once your basket is full, as one should expect–the mushrooms are still all around you, one is more gorgeous than the other. They taunt you and tempt you to make space in your basket by dumping the unimpressive specimens you settled for in the beginning, back when you did not know whether you will find any mushrooms at all. Conceptual plugs are my mushrooms, and it is a fitting analogy because I suddenly realize that mycelia are a perfect example of a rhizome. Deleuze and Guatarri’s rhizome.

Ideas. Concepts… they buzz, and chatter, and crowd my head. Where was I? Ah yes. I was searching for an acceptable conceptual plug for my “mentoring in PostQual” topic. Since I am still not “feeling it,” I have to force connections with the PostQual scholarship rhizome that grew for me this semester from my thinking and readings. I am a will-be-methodologist, damn it!

Because I am not yet feeling it, the plug does not feel organic, like a mushroom or mole tunnels. I need a more mechanic assemblage with solid, well-defined, and hopefully, breakable edges, like those found in quantitative methodology. I am thinking of measurement. Let’s see if the model fits: I need to identify my latent variable, the construct, then connect it to the carefully boxed in observed variables.  Yes, I am aware that “construct” and “concept” are not the same things, and no, I am not going to apologize for using these terms interchangeably because in PpostQual, I claim my right to experiment, play, stretch, and abstract whatever I wish. So all I need to do is identify my observed variables, complete the model, and test the “plug.”

I am amused to see the quantitative idea of modeling grow soft and lose its hard shape in my PostQualitative play; it reminds me of Dali’s infamous melting clocks. Measurement is still valid, but hardly recognizable. It is still measurement, but in Deleuze and Guattari’s terms: “Stratometers, deleometers, BwO units of density, BwO units of convergence” (Deluze and Guattari, 1987, p. 4).

Here, I can illustrate. See figure 1, or better yet, figure 2.

I wonder if this is what truly mixed method could be–quantitative and qualitative methodologies mixed like a cocktail, not like a bar trail mix. I should stash the idea into my PostQual methodological toolbox, or rather my new anti-Methodological un(-tool)box.

It is time to plant a stick in the mud and think about mentoring. Jenni suggested the “stick in the mud” method to me today after I confessed that I am becoming way too fast to produce anything for a publication. Alas, all I have is fragments–reflections, notes, comments, mental images and video clips–the artifacts that fall into my wagon as I keep accelerating through and toward the unknown plateaus.

So what of the melting model of mentoring in PostQual? At this moment, I see it is a reflective model, the one where the latent variable(s) is/are said to cause the observed variables.

If the latent construct is “mentoring,” then my immediately obvious observed variables caused by mentoring are 1) growth in academic confidence; 2) intellectual growth; 3) academic acculturation. The more I reflect on each, the more I consider how much they are entwined, and so I must indicate that they correlate. I also became interested in mycology, rekindled my love of gardening and thing-making, and developed a kinder opinion of pigeons. Most important, perhaps, I found the experience of playing in PostQual therapeutic as for the first time in my life, I finally felt validated in my life-long propensity to live slowly. I like to walk fast, but I always think and I work–in every iteration of this word–slowly. Where in my model does this batch of observations fit?

The model is starting to look entangled: Jenni infected me with Manning’s “Minor Gesture” months before this semester, so I came to class armed with the vocabulary and a small working arsenal of PostQual concepts. I was also familiar with Thinking With Theory and therefore, felt confident from day one. On the other hand, Jenni challenged me–knowingly or unknowingly–to read beyond our syllabus and humored my consistently delighted reviews of these detours. I used these readings as my intellectual fuel or better yet, food,–and so I grew. As I grew intellectually, I also grew in confidence.

My reading detours virtually introduced me to the PostQual pantheon, the abstracted, mythical bodies whose names keep appearing and reappearing in journal articles, books, and our class discussion. Clearly, they have names, but also (probably, though not necessarily) faces and voices. They probably eat, drink, and sleep, laugh and shout when they get angry. They probably shop. I know that some of them go for walks and talk to animals. They are the assumed material bodies filling the void in the absence of their physical bodies. I imagine these scholars because their written words broadcast connections. These connections send me zig-zagging until I start to feel more familiar with some, but not the others. The growing familiarity helped make PostQualitative ideas less abstract, and when Jenni brought in our guest speakers whom I already knew and admired through the readings, I felt the kinship. The feeling of kinship led me to believe I have finally found my tribe, especially once I realized how familiar I have become with its language and its tradition to avoid traditions. I have been acculturated. Further, the effects of these big three variables that I now recognize to be the result of Jenni’s mentorship (whatever mentorship means–I still refuse to step there) created the entry point into the thinking of the material–the pigeons, the mushrooms, my garden, the numerous versions of cats, clocks, cameras and phones, pizza, snacks, beer, and bagels, things I made or consider making. I am plugged into a multiplicity that no longer fits on the page that holds my model, the multiplicity that exists above the surface only as shadows and fog in quantitative and conventional qualitative epistemological frameworks. It is ever changing; it grows as I grow. It is replete with holes, entry points, and cuts. I can enter it any time and anywhere I please, and I definitely please.

As I step further and further away from my pretentiously orderly, yet pregnant model, I think of mentorship in PostQual in terms of affects, or better yet as a chain of affects (Deluze and Guattari, 1987, p. 30). I also think of how grateful I am, just as Susan

.

 

remember

 

Saldana’s litmus test. Color

 

Why thank you notes? When I came to the States, I was not familiar with the concept of a thank you note. It was not a part of my culture. In Russia, we expressed our gratitude verbally, and I was amused why the Americans felt they had to express the gratitude in writing, and in prefabricated cards as well. I thought it was a strange custom, and I attributed it to economical/ marketing climate. I had a traumatic experience related to that, and it was a part of my culture shock. If epistemologies are vehicles/by-products/results of enculturation, then it is appropriate that I use thank you notes as artifacts of my enculturation.

“Dear Jenni, thank you for everything you have already done for me as a mentor, and what you are still going to do for me and with me. A more pressing thank you, however, is for providing this enabling constraint–thinking about mentoring in qual for my final project (and asking to make it fit on two pages. Huh!)

Geological nature of autism research

Today, I “accidentally” came across an article by Marcelina Piotrowski “Writing in Cramped Spaces” (2017). Jenni had posted several other articles from the special issue of Reconceptualizing Educational Research Methodology, 8(3) in the module “Doing PostQual I” and I became intrigued by the other articles in the roster.

Piotrowski’s writing is thorough, very well documented and organized. She is talking about cramped spaces and links medicine, literature, geography, ecology, art, and philosophy to  explain postqual and intersciplinary research. By doing so, she actually illustrated the concept with her own writing. On the highlighting index, this article received the brightest, most highlighted marks.

This read came at an excellent time–I struggled to start writing the lit review for our first POI study publication, and Piotrowski’s work helped me on two fronts: she began her writing with the discussion of disciplinary research–a direct hook to POI study, and explained why writing can become problematic. I  feel better, I can try putting that lit review together.  A post from earlier today captures some of my struggles as I try to figure out  how I am getting lost in exploration of the wildnerness of postqual and methological, political, and cultural dilemmas of educational research and yet, hearing my mom call me to dinner from three feet away. Of course I am having all these epistemological adventures in my head, without leaving the backyard!

Anyway, at the end of the article, when Piotrowski started pulling in ecology as an illustration of ecology as emploed by  Guattari, I thought about using geology and archeology to write about autsim. Autism is a multidisciplinary concept, but somehow, it is very much territorialized within each discipline. If you assemble all the plains of research together, you will end up with a very crude sculpture of Autism. I want to see if I can dig up some archeological artifacts buried in layers of sediment of research produced by multiple fields and their epistemological traditions. It would be cool to do a postqual meta analysis of autism research. Map it, take it apart. See at what point the division in to high and low autism came to be. The DSM wars, the methodologies used. It would be neat to take on geology or archeology as a guide because sediments are formed by the climate, geological, and biological activities. So I can at least map the climate of the culture, scientific methodological rock samples, and play with it some more to develop my methodology of inquiry as a parallel to geological and archeological research. I could do a survey of literature by year of publication. Tons of work, but maybe well worth it.

I hear voices in Paul and Marfo’s article

I am reading Mazzei’s “Following the Contour of Concepts Toward a Minor Inquiry” (2017, Qualitative Inquiry) and cannot help but think of Paul and Marfos article as a performance. Theirs is not a plea to their fellow professors and scholars to prepare a new generation of educational researchers ready for interdisciplinary research and well versed in philosophies that undergird their own work as well as the others. Their voice sounds like a voice of parents burdened by the inevitable pull of age-appropriate generativity. They are clearly made into who they are with voices of all our shared scholarly ancestors, as evident from their excellent historical background overview. We all belong to the same bloodline, that much is clear.  I hear them concerned with their legacies, though not in a vain, superfacial fashion. They see their place in history of research as active participants with moral and ethical responsibility to pass the flame of their labors to new hands. May they be worthy. Yet, Paul and Marfo are also observers, slightly off center, with an excellent vantage point:  were they always there, or did they move to this spot later in their careers? They did not admit to their own folly of unchallenged obedience to their disciplinary traditions, but they did not deny committing acts of methodological loyalty, either… were they ever blindly loyal, or were they always interdisciplinaries at heart, and how did they resolve their risks? Funny how suddenly my own fears of finding a job and my discussions of risks (both real and imaginary) that sour my postqual ideas seem old.  The very fabric educational research is weaved with risks and experimentation. I fedl connected to Paul and Marfo, and to others…

Paul and Marfo’s are voices of self designated drivers who witnessed an academic brawl between the members of qual or quant camps.

They are two citizens exercising parrhesia in a troubled Greek city state, warning of their fellow citizens’ follies.

 

Who are Paul and Marfo? Why did they write what they wrote? Who was their target audience? How does their voice meet with our collective voice of present day students and professors in COE? Is there a dialogue? An agreement? A disapproval? A generational disconnect?

Barad Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter

“The belief that grammatical categories reflect the underlying structure of the world is a continuing seductive habit of mind worth questioning. Indeed, the representationalist belief in the power of words to mirror preexisting phenomena is the metaphysical substrate that supports social constructivist, as well as traditional realist, beliefs.” p.802

“A performative understanding of discursive practices challenges the re-
presentationalist belief in the power of words to represent preexisting
things. Performativity, properly construed, is not an invitation to turn
everything (including material bodies) into words; on the contrary, per-
formativity is precisely a contestation of the excessive power granted to
language to determine what is real. Hence, in ironic contrast to the mis-
conception that would equate performativity with a form of linguistic
monism that takes language to be the stuff of reality, performativity is
actually a contestation of the unexamined habits of mind that grant lan-
guage and other forms of representation more power in determining our
ontologies than they deserve.” p.802

Mazzei on “voice” in interpretivism

Mazzei, L.A. (2017). Following the contour of concepts toward a minor inquiry. Qualitative Inquiry pp. 1-11,
DOI: 10.1177/107780041772535

“A major mode of traditional qualitative research fixes meaning by extracting constants through the act of representation. A minor mode in the inquiry that I have imagined refuses such fixity.” p. 5

“A Deleuzian ontology provides a shift away from the indi-
vidual as the unit of inquiry to inquiry that presupposes the
subject as a relational process. Voice is no longer something
to be retrieved to provide an account of a participant’s expe-
rience, rather it emerges through relationality. That is, indi-
vidual elements in the assemblage are not single sources of
knowledge. Following the contours of Deleuze and
Guattari’s politics, collectivity emerges. No longer a per-
sonal account constrained by a body, a space, a time, or an
individual utterance, voice in a minor inquiry is an entan-
glement of all these relations.” p.5

 

“By the problem of voice, I refer to an assumption that voice can speak the truth of consciousness and experience as has been practiced within an
interpretivist project. Voice is not a problem to be solved per se, but a minor inquiry invites a different enactment that problematizes notions and practices that further reinscribe the inadequacies and deficiencies of voice.” p. 5

Paul & Marfo (2001) POI

Paul, J.L., Marfo, K. (2001) Preparation of educational researchers in philosophical foundations of inquiry.  Review of Educational Research 71(4). 525–547

“…researchers’ beliefs about scholarship cannot be separated from beliefs about themselves and their colleagues as scholars. Researchers’ values and the nature of their work create the community in which they live. Pluralistic views of knowledge, interests in construction and narrative, beliefs that unexamined tacit understandings privilege and shape behavioral norms in an academic culture, and a conviction that all uncritical discourse about inquiry may be considered morally suspect, will incline researchers to focus on themselves as members of an academic learning community.

Mixed and Mixology

I cannot get out of my head the recent round of interviews my department conducted for two new openings–one for the mixed method position, the other for quant. In a way, the event has made an impression on me…It brought the sense of urgency and with it the potential of generative anxiety, the good kind that motivates. Dr. Dedrick kept offering little comments on the process–receiving nearly a hundred of applications to finally narrowing the search down to a handful of candidates, arranging for the final interviews, flying the finalists in, showing them around, meeting the faculty, administrators, and students… I wonder if someone enjoys this… I panic just thinking about how one day I may be in this position… mixed methods would be amazing…

And then I think about how I fell in love with research methods when I took my first RM class as psych undergrad, then the second… they were quant classes, too. At USF, I discovered qualitative and philosophy. How I have grown. This semester I am taking advance measurement class, single case experiments class, and a post qual class, and all I can think about how different and yet, the same they seem. At least qual does not pretend that the researcher is not a crucial part of the study. Subjectivity is a feature, not a condition that needs to be kept in check… Last night Dr. Ferron explained the essence of the statistical approach to analysis in such easy, palatable terms (both Dedrick and Ferron do that–they make quantitative methods friendly somehow, not so sterile) that I must question why do we have so many purists in research methods? Of course, it is a rhetorical question–there is a great deal of culture in academic training among other things.

In stats, we compare our observed scores to theoretical curves to prove or to disprove our null hypotheses. We design our studies using the logic tied to assumptions of normality, homogeneity of variance, independence… then there is a neverending tug of war between type I and type II errors that must be balanced well enough to convince the others who (also thanks to their training) only loosely (empirically or theoretically, or somewhere in between) agree on thresholds between statistically significant and not significant  results. And what of the general convention of 0.05 alpha? Arbitrary, but widely accepted. The data conceived, then collected, then analyzed as a model–observed scores, true scores… some of the concepts are “squishy” (in Dr. Dedrick’s own words).

It is ALL so damn squishy!

Barad’s application of quantum physics acknowledges and celebrates the squishiness. I like it. So as I think about “mixed methods” designs, they are just like a trail mix–the chunks that never quite blend together. Within most designs, quant and qual carefully observe their methodological boundaries. The methodologies are preserved and limited by conventions and traditions that decide what a researcher can and cannot do. Researchers are obliged to stick with conventions or else be scrutinized in terms of rigor, validity, integrity. They must be bold enough to answer methodological examination from BOTH qualitatively and quantitatively oriented peers. The risks are obvious. But what of risks? RISK is a construct, it does not have to be a variable or a sure limitation of research. Does it? Just think: risk, too, is a highly subjective term. It is socially constructed, much like validity, objectivity, and other measures that weigh a study and pronounce its value. So what if it is dealt with reflexively? I have nothing yet, just an abstract vision (which is yet, somehow, seems solidified) of my future employment as a methodologist.

I should totally try and conceive MIXED methodology designs as a cocktail, liquid and blended, not mixed like the trail mix.

So what if I do a single case experiment but analyze it qualitatively AND quantitatively?

Barad, intentionality according to Bohr, and QMT

Stil in the first chapter of “Meeting Universe Half Way”  that impressed me so much from the getgo and new directions for my thinking are opening up as fast as they can. I like Barad’s exercise in analogical thinking, though she exposed such thinking as one of the major flaws in Frayn’s work in addition to unapologetically turning a blind eye to actual historicacl accounts. On page six, Barad writes about analagical thinking:
“analogical thinking (…) so often produced unsatisfactory understandings of the relevant issues.”

Later, she uses it to demonstrate what this kind of thinking can still produce if the thinker actually bothers to apply the theory correctly. She expands on the principle of complimnetarity proposed by Bohr, and shows how it leads to very different conclusions from Frayn’s. She writes,

“according to Bohr, we shouldn’t rely on the metaphysical presuppositions of classical physics (which Bohr claims is the basis for our common-sense perception of reality); rather, what we need to do is attend to the actual experimental conditions that would enable us to measure and make sense of the notion of intentional states ofmind. In the absence of such conditions, not only is the notion of an ‘‘intentional state of mind’’ meaningless, but there is no corresponding determinate fact of the matter. To summarize, the crucial point is not merely that intentional states are inherently unknowable, but that the very nature of intentionality needs to be rethought.” (pp. 21, 22)

Her exercise illustrates both the folly of Frayn’s logic and the way Bohr’s principle of complimentarity relate to philosophy. Brilliant!

So what of intentionality? As I read Barad’s application of this principle in the Frayns play context, i thought about how traditional research methods (both qual and quant) often focus on causality, the need to arrive at the root of things, but when it comes to social science these goals actually assume that an action or a behavior was intentional.

Here is another, more practical example: cover letters, or how abobut the times when i had to write several letters to explain why i want to be in this grad program or that one. Every time i struggled to find words. Now I realize that the trouble came from the obligation to explain my intentions, but intentions, as it turns out, are a very complicated matter. Each time, I managed to free a strand or two from the tangled up mess I encountered as I wrote, but I could never bear to go back to re-read my letters of intention after I submitted them. The thought of reading them again causes me a very-near-physical pain; they make me cringe. It is a highly reflexive process, and I muse at how other people do it. I never heard anyone complain about how writing a cover letter is a deeply conflicted activity.