Delhaye, M. M., Kempenaers, C., Burton, J., Linkowski, P., Stroobants, R., & Goossens, L. (2012). Attachment, Parenting, and Separation–Individuation in Adolescence: A Comparison of Hospitalized Adolescents, Institutionalized Delinquents, and Controls. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 173(2), 119-141.
Examines how teens were attached to their parents:
(a) autonomous (or secure) with regard to attachment experiences, which implies coherent accounts of earlier experiences that value attachment;
(b) preoccupied by past attachment experiences, which implies anxious or angry responses in the interview; (c) dismissing of attachment-related experiences, which implies that such experiences are considered unimportant; and (d) unresolved (or disorganized) with regard to past attachment experiences, which implies lapses in reasoning when discussing loss or trauma.
Separation–individuation: (p. 121)
“a normative process that allows young people to establish a new type of equilibrium in their relationships with their parents. When going through this process, adolescents have to relinquish their internalized and idealized representations of their parents (i.e., the separation aspect) to develop a more mature sense of self Internalizing problems (e.g., depression) and externalizing problems (e.g., delinquency) are associated with particular types of parent-related perceptions in adolescence” (Collins & Laursen, 2004).
Collins, W. A., & Laursen, B. (2004). Parent-adolescent relationships and influences. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (2nd ed., pp. 331–361). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Lafreniere, K. A. (2018). Mothers and daughters: Narratives of sustained connection during adolescence. Dissertation Abstracts International, 78,
Interpersonal Closeness
Yanping, T., Shaw, A., & Fishbach, A. (2016). The friendly taking effect: How interpersonal closeness leads to seemingly selfish yet jointly maximizing choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 42(5), 669-687. doi:10.1093/jcr/ucv052
Interdependence Theory
Leslie-Case, K. P. (1999, January). The parent-child relationship: An interdependence approach. (mutuality, control, childhood, memories). Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 2986.
Finkel, E.J., Simpson, J.A. (2015). Editorial overview: Relationship science. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1. 5-9